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SQLite数据库中用insert同时插入多条记录的方法和效率比较
网络 2014/12/11 14:25:03Android开发中我们常会遇到这样一种情况:在建立一个SQLite数据库时,想同时插入大量数据。那么应该怎么做呢?
下面笔者以插入20条记录为例:
将同时插入大量的数据写成一条SQL语句
最笨的方法用insert语句一条一条的输入
使用事务
代码如下:
public class DateBaseOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public static final String DBNAME="radiomap"; public static final int VERSION=1; public DateBaseOpenHelper(Context context){ super(context,DBNAME,null,VERSION); } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL("create table radiomap(location varchar(20),ap1 int,ap2 int)"); long a=System.currentTimeMillis(); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) select 'x=1,y=1',-80,-73 " + "union all select 'x=2,y=3',80,40 union all select 'x=3,y=5',30,20 "+ "union all select 'x=4,y=5',3,2 union all select 'x=30,y=50',30,20 union all select 'x=3,y=5',40,20" +" union all select 'x=3,y=5',6,20 union all select 'x=3,y=5',6,7 union all select 'x=3,y=5',7,8 union all select 'x=3,y=5',8,9 union all select 'x=3,y=5',9,9" + " union all select 'x=3,y=5',3,5 union all select 'x=3,y=5',7,20 union all select 'x=3,y=5',4,20 union all select 'x=3,y=5',5,20 union all select 'x=3,y=5',6,20" + " union all select 'x=3,y=5',3,6 union all select 'x=3,y=5',7,7 union all select 'x=3,y=5',3,8 union all select 'x=3,y=5',8,2"); long b=System.currentTimeMillis(); long c=b-a; Log.i("LocationActivity", String.valueOf(c)); a=System.currentTimeMillis(); db.beginTransaction(); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',2,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',4,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',6,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',2,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',4,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',6,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',1,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',1,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',1,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',2,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',2,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',2,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',3,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',3,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',3,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',4,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=7',5,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',4,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',5,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',5,5)"); db.setTransactionSuccessful(); db.endTransaction(); b=System.currentTimeMillis(); Log.i("LocationActivity", String.valueOf(b-a)); a=System.currentTimeMillis(); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=7,y=8',7,8)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=8,y=9',8,9)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=9,y=10',9,10)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',2,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',4,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',6,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',2,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',2,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',2,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',3,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',3,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',3,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',4,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',4,4)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',4,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',5,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=7',6,5)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=6,y=7',5,7)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=4,y=5',6,3)"); db.execSQL("insert into radiomap(location,ap1,ap2) values('x=5,y=6',6,5)"); b=System.currentTimeMillis(); Log.i("LocationActivity", String.valueOf(b-a)); }
第一种方式及:
insert into 表名(列名1,列名2)
select 值1,值2
union all
select 值1,值2
union all
select 值1,值2
以上三种方式测试结果,及运行效率:
第一种方式为9ms
用事务的为:86ms
第三种直接用insert插入的为:29ms
这是因为本次测试用了20条数据,所以用事务的反而比不用的开销大时间长。若1000条以上则明显快于直接用insert插入的。
今天有个朋友测试 SQLite,然后得出的结论是:SQLite 效率太低,批量插入1000条记录,居然耗时2分钟!
下面是他发给我的测试代码。我晕~~~~~~
usingSystem.Data; usingSystem.Data.Common; usingSystem.Data.SQLite; //创建数据库文件 File.Delete("test1.db3"); SQLiteConnection.CreateFile("test1.db3"); DbProviderFactory factory=SQLiteFactory.Instance; using(DbConnection conn=factory.CreateConnection()) { //连接数据库 conn.ConnectionString="Data Source=test1.db3"; conn.Open(); //创建数据表 stringsql="create table [test1] ([id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, [s] TEXT COLLATE NOCASE)"; DbCommand cmd=conn.CreateCommand(); cmd.Connection=conn; cmd.CommandText=sql; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //添加参数 cmd.Parameters.Add(cmd.CreateParameter()); //开始计时 Stopwatch watch=newStopwatch(); watch.Start(); //连续插入1000条记录 for(inti=0; i<1000; i++) { cmd.CommandText="insert into [test1] ([s]) values (?)"; cmd.Parameters[0].Value=i.ToString(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } //停止计时 watch.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch.Elapsed); } 哎~~~~一个常识性的错误,我加几行代码 (新增代码标记"// <-------------------")。 usingSystem.Data; usingSystem.Data.Common; usingSystem.Data.SQLite; //创建数据库文件 File.Delete("test1.db3"); SQLiteConnection.CreateFile("test1.db3"); DbProviderFactory factory=SQLiteFactory.Instance; using(DbConnection conn=factory.CreateConnection()) { //连接数据库 conn.ConnectionString="Data Source=test1.db3"; conn.Open(); //创建数据表 stringsql="create table [test1] ([id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, [s] TEXT COLLATE NOCASE)"; DbCommand cmd=conn.CreateCommand(); cmd.Connection=conn; cmd.CommandText=sql; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //添加参数 cmd.Parameters.Add(cmd.CreateParameter()); //开始计时 Stopwatch watch=newStopwatch(); watch.Start(); DbTransaction trans=conn.BeginTransaction();//<------------------- try { //连续插入1000条记录 for(inti=0; i<1000; i++) { cmd.CommandText="insert into [test1] ([s]) values (?)"; cmd.Parameters[0].Value=i.ToString(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } trans.Commit();//<------------------- } catch { trans.Rollback();//<------------------- throw;//<------------------- } //停止计时 watch.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(watch.Elapsed); }
执行一下,耗时0.2秒。这差距是不是太大了点?
为什么只是简单启用了一个事务会有这么大的差距呢?很简单,SQLite 缺省为每个操作启动一个事务,那么原代码1000次插入起码开启了1000个事务,"事务开启 + SQL 执行 + 事务关闭"自然耗费了大量的时间,这也是后面显示启动事务后为什么如此快的原因。其实这是数据库操作的基本常识,大家要紧记,不好的代码效率差的不是一点半点。
最近在做android项目的时候遇到一个问题,应用程序初始化时需要批量的向sqlite中插入大量数,导致应用启动过慢。
android使用的是sqlite数据库,sqlite是比较轻量级的数据库,在Google了之后发现,sqlite事务处理的问题,在sqlite插入数据的时候默认一条语句就是一个事务,有多少条数据就有多少次磁盘操作。我的应用初始5000条记录也就是要5000次读写磁盘操作。
解决方法:
添加事务处理,把5000条插入作为一个事务
dataBase.beginTransaction(); //手动设置开始事务
//数据插入操作循环
dataBase.setTransactionSuccessful(); //设置事务处理成功,不设置会自动回滚不提交
dataBase.endTransaction(); //处理完成
SQLite的数据库本质上来讲就是一个磁盘上的文件,所以一切的数据库操作其实都会转化为对文件的操作,而频繁的文件操作将会是一个很好时的过程,会极大地影响数据库存取的速度。
例如:向数据库中插入100万条数据,在默认的情况下如果仅仅是执行
sqlite3_exec(db, “insert into name values ‘lxkxf', ‘24'; ”,0,0,&zErrMsg);
将会重复的打开关闭数据库文件100万次,所以速度当然会很慢。因此对于这种情况我们应该使用“事务”。
具体方法如下:在执行SQL语句之前和SQL语句执行完毕之后加上
rc=sqlite3_exec(db,"BEGIN;",0,0,&zErrMsg);
//执行SQL语句
rc=sqlite3_exec(db,"COMMIT;",0,0,&zErrMsg);
这样SQLite将把全部要执行的SQL语句先缓存在内存当中,然后等到COMMIT的时候一次性的写入数据库,这样数据库文件只被打开关闭了一次,效率自然大大的提高。有一组数据对比:
测试1:1000INSERTs
CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,13153,'thirteen thousand one hundred fifty three');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2,75560,'seventy five thousand five hundred sixty');
...995lines omitted
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(998,66289,'sixty six thousand two hundred eighty nine');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(999,24322,'twenty four thousand three hundred twenty two');
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1000,94142,'ninety four thousand one hundred forty two');
SQLite2.7.6:
13.061
SQLite2.7.6(nosync):
0.223
测试2: 使用事务25000INSERTs
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,59672,'fifty nine thousand six hundred seventy two');
...24997lines omitted
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(24999,89569,'eighty nine thousand five hundred sixty nine');
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(25000,94666,'ninety four thousand six hundred sixty six');
COMMIT;
SQLite2.7.6:
0.914
SQLite2.7.6(nosync):
0.757
可见使用了事务之后却是极大的提高了数据库的效率。但是我们也要注意,使用事务也是有一定的开销的,所以对于数据量很小的操作可以不必使用,以免造成而外的消耗。
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